html swavla | Qartuli Forumi

1. A,N,R,I (Off)
[ 28 Sep 2013, 21:13 ]
ra aris HTML?
HTML itargmneba, rogorc hiper
teqstis markirebuli ena (Hyper
Text Markup Language).
HTML faili aris patara markirebuli
tegebisgan shemdgari teqsturi
faili.
markirebuli tegebi brauzers
gadascemen gverdis ekranze
gamotanis informacias.
HTML fails aqvs html, an htm
gafartoveba.
HTML failis sheqmna
shesadzlebelia ubralo teqsturi
redaqtorit.
ginda scado es?
tu mushaobt operaciul sistema
Windows-ze, gaxsenit Notepad.
tu mushaobt operaciul sistema
Mac-ze, gaxsenit SimpleText.
OSX-shi daiwyet teqstis
redaqtireba da shecvalet
shemdegi parametrebi : meniushi
Format (formati) Plain text
(martivi teqsti)-is magivrad
monishnet Rich text (rtuli teqsti).
shemdeg gaxsenit Text Edit
(teqstis redaqtireba) menius
qvemot mdebare Preferences
(parametrebi) fanjara da
monishnet Ignore rich text
commands in HTML files (rtuli
teqstis brdzanebebis ignorireba
HTML failebshi). HTML kodi ar
imushavebs, tu am parametrs ar
shecvlit.
sheiyvanet teqsti:
<html>
<head>
<title>gverdis satauri</title>
</head>
<body>
es aris chemi pirveli veb gverdi
<b>es teqsti aris muqi</b>
</body>
</html>
daamaxsovret faili, rogorc
"mypage.htm".
gaxsenit tqveni internet brauzeri.
sheasrulet brdzaneba File/Open
(Open File)(faili/gaxsna(failis
gaxsna)). gamova dialoguri
fanjara. imoqmedet ghilakze
Browse (modzieba) (an Choose
File (failis archeva)) da
modzebnet tqvens mier
sheqmnili faili - "mypage.htm" -
monishnet igi da imoqmedet
ghilakze Open(gaxsna). dialogur
fanjarashi tqven dainaxavt
misamarts, magalitad, "C:
\MyDocuments\mypage.htm".
imoqmedet ghilakze "OK" da
brauzeri ekranze gamoitans
tqvens gverds.
tqvens HTML dokumentshi pirveli
tegi aris<html>. es tegi tqvens
brauzers awvdis informacias
HTML dokumentis dawyebis
shesaxeb. bolo tegi dokumentshi
aris </html>. es tegi tqvens
brauzers awvdis informacias
HTML dokumentis dasrulebis
shesaxeb.
teqsti tegebs shoris <head> da
</head> aris tavsartis informacia.
tavsartis informacia ar
gamoisaxeba brauzeris fanjarashi.
teqsti tegebs shoris <title> da </
title> aris tqveni dokumentis
satauri. es satauri gamoisaxeba
brauzeris sataurebis panelze.
teqsti tegebs shoris <body> da
</body> gamoisaxeba brauzeris
fanjarashi.
teqsti tegebs shoris <b> da </b>
brauzeris fanjarashi gamoisaxeba
gamuqebulad.
HTM, tu HTML gafartoveba?
rodesac tqven amaxsovrebt
HTML fails, tqven shegidzliat
gamoiyenot gansxvavebuli .htm
da .html gafartovebebi.
magalitebshi gamoyenebulia .htm
gafartoveba. es gafartoveba
gamosadegaria zogiert ubralo
gamoyenebad programebshi,
romlebshi gafartovebebistvis
dashvebulia mxolod sami aso.
ufro axal programebtan
rekomendirebulia
gamoiyenot .html gafartoveba.
shenishvna HTML redaqtorebze
markirebuli tegebis weris
magivrad tqven shegidzliat HTML
failis redaqtireba FrontPage, an
Dreamweaver-is msgavsad,
WYSIWYG (what you see is what
you get (rasac xedav aris is, rasac
igheb))-is daxmarebit.
tu gsurt iyot profesionali veb
programisti, mkacrad
rekomendirebulia gamoiyenot
martivi teqstis redaqtorebi.
xshiri kitxvebi:
mas shemdeg rac HTML faili
davaredaqtire, ar shemidzlia
chem brauzershi vnaxo
rezultatebi. ratom?
darwmundit rom faili
daamaxsovret satanado saxelita
da gafartovebit, "c:
\mypage.htm" -is msgavsad.
aseve darwmundit rom
brauzershi xsnit tqventvis sachiro
fails.
shevecade dameredaqtirebina
HTML faili, magram brauzeri ar
michvenebs cvlilebebs. ratom?
brauzeri tqvens gverds inaxavs
bufershi, ase rom is ar waikitxavs
masorjer. rodesac tqven cvlit
gverds, brauzerma ar icis amis
shesaxeb. gamoiyenet brauzeris
ghilaki refresh/reload
(ganaxleba), rata sheatyobinot
mas failis shecvlis shesaxeb.
ra brauzeri gamoviyeno?
tqven shegidzliat gamoiyenot
nebismieri brauzeri, rogoricaa
Internet Explorer, Mozilla,
Netscape, Opera da a.sh. zogjer,
zogierti magaliti moitxovs
brauzeris bolo versias.
vtqvat chemi kompiuteri
mushaobs operaciul sistemaze
Mac. am shemtxvevashi ra
vimoqmedo?
tqven shegidzliat gaaketot
yvelaferi nebismier operaciul
sistemaze, magalitad Mac-ze.
HTML-is elementebi
HTML-is tegebi
HTML tegebi gamoiyenebian
HTML elementebis
markirebisatvis;
HTML tegebi garshemortymulni
arian ori simboloti - < da >;
tegebis garshemomrtymel
simboloebs ewodebat kutxuri
frchxilebi;
HTML tegebi warmoadgenen
wyvils, magalitad, <b> da </b>;
wvilis pirveli tegi aris sawyisi tegi,
xolo meore sasruli tegi;
sawyis da sasrul tegebs shoris
motavsebul teqsts ewodeba
elementis shigtavsi;
HTML tegebshi ar aqvs
mnishvneloba isini patara asoebit
daiwerebian, tu didit, magalitad
<b> tegi igevea, rac <B> tegi.
HTML-is elementebi
gaixsenet pirveli HTML magaliti:
<html>
<head>
<title>gverdis satauri</title>
</head>
<body>
es aris chemi pirveli veb gverdi
<b>es teqsti aris muqi</b>
</body>
</html>
es aris HTML-is elementi :
<b>es teqsti aris muqi</b>
HTML-is elementi iwyeba sawyisi
tegit : <b>.
HTML-is elementis shigtavsi aris :
es teqsti aris muqi.
HTML-is elementi mtavrdeba
sasruli tegit : </b>.
<b> tegis mizani aris is, rom
gansazghvros HTML-is elementi,
romelic gamoisaxeba muqad.
esec aris agretve HTML-is
elementi:
<body>
es aris chemi pirveli veb gverdi
<b>es teqsti aris muqi</b>
</body>
es elementi iwyeba sawyisi tegit
<body>, da sruldeba sasruli tegit
</body>.
<body> tegis mizani aris is,rom
gansazghvros HTML-is elementi,
romelic sheicavs HTML
dokumentis agebulebas.
ratom viyenebt mxedrul tegebs?
axlaxans vtqvit rom HTML
tegebshi gansxvaveba ar iqneba
mat didi asoebit davwert tu
patarati. veb gverdebis
umravlesoba sheqmnilia didi
asoebit dawerili tegebit. chven
viyenebt patara asoebit daweril
tegebs. ratom?
tu gsurt miyvet bolo veb
standartebs, unda gamoiyenot
patara asoebit dawerili tegebi.
msoflio ablabudas/qselis
konsorciumi (W3C) taviant HTML
rekomendaciebshi,
rokomendacias uwevs mxedruli
asoebit daweril tegebs, xolo
XHTML (HTML-is shemdgomi
generacia) moitxovs amas.
tegebis tvisebebi
tegebs sheudzliat qondet
tvisebebi. tegebis tvisebebi
uzrunvelyofen HTML-is
elementebis damatebit
informaciebs.
mimdinare tegi sazghvravs HTML
cxrils : <table>. damatebuli
sazghvrebis tvisebebit, tqven
shegidzliat brauzers gadascet
informacia, rom sheqmnil cxrils
ar eqneba sazghvrebi : <table
border="0">.
tvisebebi iwerebian wyvilad,
magalitad, name="value".
tvisebebi yoveltvis
ganisazghvrebian HTML-is
elementis dawyebit tegshi.
tvisebebis mnishvnelobebis
citireba
tvisebebis mnishvnelobebi
yoveltvis ismebian citatashi.
brchyalebshi chasmuli
mnishvnelobebi arian ufro metad
saertoni, magram apostrofebshi
chasmuli mnishvnelobebic
agretve dasashvebia.
zogiert ishviat situaciebshi,
magalitad, rodesac mnishvneloba
tavistavad sheicavs citatas,
aucilebelia gamoviyenot
apostrofebi :
name='John "ShotGun" Nelson'
bazuri HTML tegebi
es magaliti aris dzalian ubralo
HTML magaliti, HTML tegebis
minimumit. es aris demonstracia
imisa tu rogor gamoisaxeba
sxeulis elementshi chasmuli
teqsti.
http://www.w3schools.com/html/
tryit.asp?filename=tryhtml_basic
<html>
<body>
brauzerze gamosaxulia sxeulis
elementis shigtavsi
</body>
</html>
es magaliti aketebs imis
demonstarcias, tu rogor
gamoisaxeba brauzershi paragraf
elementshi chasmuli teqsti.
http://www.w3schools.com/html/
tryit.asp?
filename=tryhtml_paragraphs1
<html>
<body>
<p>es aris paragrafi.</p>
<p>es aris paragrafi.</p>
<p>es aris paragrafi.</p>
<p>paragrafis elementebi
gamoisaxebian p tegit.</p>
</body>
</html>
sataurebi
sataurebi ganisazghvrebian
<h1>-dan <h6>-mde
tegebit. <h1> gansazghvravs
yvelaze did sataurs. <h6>
gansazghvravs yvelaze patara
sataurs.
<h1>es aris satauri</h1>
<h2>es aris satauri</h2>
<h3>es aris satauri</h3>
<h4>es aris satauri</h4>
<h5>es aris satauri</h5>
<h6>es aris satauri</h6>
HTML avtomaturad daamatebs
damatebit cariel striqons,
satauramde da satauris shemdeg.
paragrafebi
paragrafebi gansazghvrulni arian
<p> tegit.
<p>es aris paragrafi</p>
<p>es aris sxva paragrafi</p>
HTML avtomaturad daamatebs
damatebit cariel striqons
paragrafamde da paragrafis
shemdeg.
xazis gawyveta
<br> tegi gamoiyeneba, rodesac
gnebavt xazis gawyveta da axal
xazze gadasvla, magram ar
gnebavt axali paragrafis
dawyeba. <br> tegi gawyvitavs
xazs iq, sadac mas ganatavsebt.
<p>es <br> aris para<br>grafi
xazis gawyvetit</p>
<br> tegi aris carieli tegi. mas ar
aqvs sasruli tegi.
komentarebi HTML-shi
komentarebis tegi gamoiyeneba
HTML kodshi komentarebis
chasasmelad. brauzeri
ignorirebas gauketebs
komentars. tqven shegidzliat
kodis asaxsnelad gamoiyenot
komentarebi, romlebic
dagexmarebian samomavlod
amave kodis redaqtirebisas.

komentari unda miutitot frchxilis
gaxsnis shemdeg da ara daxurvis
shemdeg.
bazuri chanawerebi -
gamoyenebadi wvrilmanebi
rodesac wert HTML teqts, tqven
darwmunebuli verasdros iqnebit,
tu rogor gamoisaxeba teqsti
sxvadasxva brauzerebshi. zogierts
aqvs didi monitori, zogierts
patara. teqsti yoveltvis
gardaiqmneba ekranis zomis
shecvlisas. arasdros chaamatot
carieli xazebi, sicarieleebi sityvebs
shoris da a.sh.
HTML shekvecavs sicarieleebs
sityvebs shoris. sicarielis
nebismieri raodenoba itvleba
ertad. zogierti damatebiti
informacia : HTML-shi axali xazi
itvleba ert sicarieled.
carieli striqonebis chasmisatvis
carieli paragrafebis <p>
gamoyeneba cudi azria.
gamoiyenet <br> tegi. magram
ar gamoiyenot <br> tegi siebis
gasaketeblad.
albat
gagigiat rom paragrafis dawera
shesadzlebelia tegis daxurvis
gareshe </p>. ar daijerot es.
HTML avtomaturad daamatebs
damatebit cariel striqonebs
zogiert elementamde da
elementis shemdeg, rogorc
paragrafamde da paragrafis
shemdeg, an satauramde da
satauris shemdeg.
horizontaluri xazis gasasmelad
shegidzliat gamoiyenot tegi <hr>.
bazuri HTML tegebi
<html> sazghvravs HTML
dokuments
<body> sazghvravs dokumentis
sxeuls
<h1>-dan <h6>-mde sazghvravs
6 tipis sataurs
<p> sazghvravs abzacs
<br> wyvitavs xazs
<hr> amatebs horizontalur xazs
<!--> sazghvravs komentarebs

HTML-is formatireba
rogor vnaxot HTML wyaro
odesme ginaxiat veb gverdi da
gaocebulxart?
"ei! rogor gaaketes es?".
am kitxvaze pasuxis gasacemad
imoqmedet mtavari menius VIEW
(xedi) meniuze da monishnet
SOURCE(wyaro), an PAGE
SOURCE(gverdis wyaro). ami
shemdeg gaixsneba fanjara,
sadac nachvenebi iqneba gverdis
HTML kodi.
teqstis formatirebis tegebi
<b> sazghvravs gamuqebul
teqsts
<big> sazghvravs did teqsts
<em> sazghvravs xazgasmul
teqsts
<i> sazghvravs daxril teqsts
<small> sazghvravs patara teqsts
<strong> sazghvravs dzlier teqsts
<sub> sazghvravs xelmoweril
teqsts
<sup> ...
<ins> sazghvravs chasmul teqsts
<del> sazghvravs washlil teqsts
<s> uaryofiti. gamoiyenet <del>-
is nacvlad
strike uaryofiti. gamoiyenet
<del>-is nacvlad
<u> uaryofiti. gamoiyenet stilebis
nacvlad
"kompiuteruli produqciis" tegebi
<code> sazghvravs kompiuteruli
kodis teqsts
<kbd> sazghvravs klaviaturis
teqsts
<samp> sazghvravs ubralo
kompiuterul kods
<tt> sazghvravs teletipis teqts
<var> aghwers cvladebs
<pre> sazghvravs
winaformatirebis teqsts
<listing> uaryofiti. gamoiyenet
<pre>-s nacvlad
<plaintext> uaryofiti. gamoiyenet
<pre>-s nacvlad
<xmp> uaryofiti. gamoiyenet
<pre>-s nacvlad
citirebis, citatebis da
ganmartebebis tegebi
<abbr> gansazghvravs
abreviaturas
<acronym> gansazghvravs
akronims
<address> gansazghvravs
misamartis elements
<bdo> gansazghvravs teqstis
mimartulebas
<blockquote> gansazghvravs
grdzel citatebs
<q> gansazghvravs mokle
citatebs
<cite> gansazghvravs citirebas
<dfn> gansazghvravs
ganmartebis terminebs

HTML simboloebis xasiati
HTML-shi zogiert simbolos aqvs
specialuri mnishvneloba, rogorc
naklebobis nishani (<), romlic
gansazghvravs HTML-shi tegis
dawyebas. tu gsurt, rom
brauzerma ekranze gamosaxos
es simboloebi, mashin
simboloebis aghwera unda
chasvat HTML wyaroshi.
simboloebis aghweras aqvs sami
nawili : ampersandi (&), aghweris
saxelida aghweris ricxvi.
simboloebis aghwera sruldeba ;
simboloti. imisatvis rom HTML
dokumentshi gamoisaxos
naklebobis nishani, unda
dawerot : < an <
ricxvebis nacvlad saxelebis
gamoyenebis upiratesoba misi
advilad damaxxsovrebis
sashualebaa. araxelsayrelia is,
rom yvela brauzeri ar
uzrunvelyofs saxelebis aghweras,
mashin rodesac ricxvebis
aghweris uzrunvelyofa dzalian
kargia, titqmis yvela brauzershi.
shenishvna!
aghwerebi arian mtavrulad
aqtiurni.
gauwyveteli sivrce
HTML-shi yvelaze gamoyenebadi
simboloebis aghwera aris
gauwyveteli sivrce.
chveulebriv HTML amcirebs
sivrces teqstshi. tu teqstshi
chasvavt 10 cariel sivrces HTML
washlis 9-s. imisatvis rom
daamatot sivrce tqvens teqstshi
gamoiyenet   simbolos
aghwera.
yvelaze xshirad gamoyenebadi
simboloebis aghwera
gauwyveteli xazi  
< naklebobis nishani < <
> metobis nishani > >
& ampersanti & &
" brchyalebi " "
' apostrofi &apos ; '
zogierti sxva xshirad
gamoyenebadi simboloebis
aghwerebi
¢ centi &cent ; ¢
£ funti &pound ; £
¥ ieni ¥ ¥
paragrafi § §
© licenzia © ©
® registrirebuli ® ®
× gamravleba × ×
÷ gayofa ÷

HTML bmulebi
mibmuli tegebi da Href tvisebebi
HTML iyenebs <a>(mibma) tegs,
sxva dokumentis bmulis
gasaketeblad.
mibmas aqvs wvdoma nebismier
resursze internetshi: HTML
gverdi, surati, musika, filmi da
ash.
mibmis gaketebis sintaqsi:
<a href="url">ekranze
gamosatani teqsti</a>
<a> tegi gamoyenebulia mibmis
bmulis gasaketeblad, href tviseba
gamoyenebulia misamartis
mititebistvis, mibmis sawyis da
sasrul tegebs shoris gantavsebuli
sityvebi ekranze gamoisaxeba,
rogorc hiperbmuli.
es mibma aghwers vikiwignebis
misamarts:
<a href="http://
ka.wikibooks.org/">vikiwignebi</
a>
brauzershi mas eqneba saxe :
vikiwignebi
samizne atributebi
samizme atributebit tqven
shegidzliat gansazghvrot sad
gaixsneba bmuli.
es bmuli gaixsneba brauzeris axal
fanjarashi:
<a href="http://
ka.wikipedia.org/"
target="_blank">vikipedia</a>
mibmuli tegi da saxelis atributi
saxelis atributi gamoiyeneba
dasaxelebuli mibmisatvis. rodesac
iyenebt dasaxelebul mibmas,
tqven qmnit bmuls romelic
gadaxteba gverdis romelime
nawilshi. morbenalebis
gamoyenebis nacvlad sakmarisia
iqmoqmedot am bmulze datqven
moxvdebit gverdis sasurvel
nawilshi.
dasaxelebuli mibmis sintaqsi :
<a name="label">Text to be
displayed</a>
mibmis saxeli shesadzloa iyos
nebismieri teqsti.
dasaxelebuli mibmis qvemot
gansazghvris sintaqsi:
<a name="tips">Useful Tips
Section</a>
sheamchnevdit rom dasaxelebuli
mibma ar gamoisaxeba
gansxvavebuli gzit.
bmulis direqtoriashi chaamatet
simbolo #, xolo shemdeg mibmis
saxeli. ase, magalitad:
<a href="http://
ka.wikibooks.org/wiki/HTML/
HTML_%E1%83%91%E1%83%9B
%E1%83
%A3%E1%83%9A
%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98#.E1.83.A1.E1.83.90.E1.83.9B.E1.83
.98.E1.83.96.E1.83.9C.E1.83.94_.E1.83.90.E1.83.A2.E1.83.A0.E1.83.98.E1.83.91.E1.83.A3.E1.83
.A2.E1.83.94.E1.83.91.E1.83.98#mibmuli
tegebi da Href tvisebebi">gadaxti
mititebul nawilshi</a>
bazuri chanawerebi -
gamoyenebadi wvrilmanebi
yoveltvis daamatet sleshi bmulis
boloshi. tuki tqveni bmuli asetia:
href="http://ka.wikipedia.org/
wiki/HTML", serverze
sheiqmneba ori HTTP motxovna,
imitom rom, serveri avtomaturad
daamatebs bmulis boloshi sleshs
da sheqmnis axal motxovnas:
href="http://ka.wikipedia.org/
wiki/HTML/ ".
dasaxelebuli mibmebi xshirad
gamoiyenebian didi dokumentis
cxrilebshi. dokumentis shignit
titoeuli simbolo gadacemulia
dasaxelebul mibmaze da am
mibmis titoeul bmuls gadayavxar
dokumentis tavshi.
tu brauzeri ver poulobs
dasaxelebul mibmas, mashin is
zustad ganisazghvra da gadavida
dokumentis tavshi. shecdomebi
ar xdeba.
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