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[ 30 Sep 2013, 20:55 ]
akaki rostomis Ze wereTeli (1840_1915), didi qarTveli poeti, mwerali, publicisti da sazogado moRvawe, saqarTvelos erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraobis erT-erTi lideri.
daibada zemo imereTis SeZlebuli Tavadis rostom wereTlis ojaxSi. deda ― ekaterine abaSiZe ― imereTis mefis solomon I-is SviliSvilis Svili iyo. wereTelma bavSvobis wlebi sof. savaneSi, glexis ojaxSi, ZiZasTan gaatara.
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biografia

ganaTleba
akaki wereTeli 1852-idan quTaisis klasikur gimnaziaSi swavlobda, 1859-idan ki peterburgis universitetis aRmosavluri enebis fakultetze, romelic 1863 wels daamTavra kandidatis xarisxiT.

saliteraturo da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweoba

studentobis wlebSive Camoyalibda akaki wereTlis progresuli esTetikuri azrovneba, romelic mis pirvelsave literaturul-kritikul werilebSi gamovlinda. polemikuri xasiaTis "axirebuli furceli" (Jurn. "ciskari", 1862, N 5) "mamaTa" konservatoruli banakis winaaRmdeg iyo mimarTuli (saqarTvelos istoriaSi es dapirispireba ""mamebisa" da "Svilebis" brZolis" saxeliT aris cnobili). gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba hqonda mis saprogramo werils «ramodenime sityva "Canguris" Sesaxeb» (Jurn. "ciskari", 1865, N 9), romelSic avtori mkacrad gmobda "wminda xelovnebis" principebs, saxavda qarTul demokratiul mwerlobis miznebsa da amocanebs, moiTxovda obieqturi sinamdvilis, qarTul sazogadoebriv-erovnuli cxovrebis saWirboroto movlenebis realistur asaxvas. es mowinave Tvalsazrisi SemdgomSi mkafiod gamovlinda poetis leqsebSic ― "poeti" (1886), "Canguri" (1871) da sxv.

leqsebis wera akaki wereTelma jer kidev yrmobis asakSi daiwyo, 1859 wels igi ukve ramdenime dabeWdili leqsis avtori iyo, xolo 1860 wels gamoqveynebulma lirikulma leqsma ― "saidumlo baraTi", romelic imTaviTve simReradac gavrcelda, axalgazrda poets farTo popularoba moutana.

miuxedavad materialuri xelmokleobisa, akaki wereTeli arasdros Sesula saxelmwifo samsaxurSi. mas udidesi damsaxureba miuZRvis "qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis" daarsebasa da mis mravalmxriv kulturul-saganmanaTleblo saqmianobaSi, qarTuli dramatuli sazogadoebis Seqmnasa da muSaobaSi, qarTuli Jurnalistikis ganviTarebaSi, rogorc uaRresad nayofieri da mniSvnelovani publicisturi moRvaweobiT, ise yovelTviuri Jurnalis "akakis Tviuri krebuli" (1897-1900) daarsebiT. igi redaqtorobda agreTve satirul-iumoristul Jurnals "xumara", romlis anticaristuli da erovnuli mimarTulebis gamo dapatimrebulic ki iyo (1907). ilia WavWavaZesTan erTad akaki wereTeli saTaveSi Caudga erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebel moZraobas saqarTveloSi da sityviT Tu saqmiT, daucxromlad, mizandasaxulad iRvwoda qarTveli xalxis sulieri aRorZonebisaTvis, masSi erovnuli TviTSegnebis amaRlebisaTvis. swored erovnuli motivi imTaviTve iqca akaki wereTlis Semoqmedebis laitmotivad.

wereTeli avtoria araerTi SesaniSnavi satrfialo leqsisa, romlebmac farTo popularoba moipova: "aleqsandra" (1860), "cicinaTela" (1869), "muxambazi", "rom icode Cemi gulis dardebi"... (1876), "qebaTa qeba" (1882) da sxva. misi poeturi STagonebis umTavres masazrdoebel wyaros uflebaayrili samSoblos bed-iRbali, misi awmyo, warsuli Tu momavali, qarTveli eris yofa da misi mdidari sulieri samyaro warmoadgenda (leqsebi "muSuri" (1861), "simRera mkis dros", "glexis aRsareba" (orive 1863), "imeruli nanina" (1864), "Cemo Tavo, bedi ar giweria" (1871), "muxambazi" ― "naxevari cxovrebis gza gavlie..." (1872), "gogia meCangure" (1875), "aRmarT-aRmarT" (1876), "avadmyofi" (1880), "gazafxuli" (1881), "xanjals" (1882), "amirani" (1883), "WaRara" (1886),"muSis natvra"(1890), "Ramis mexre", "satrfos", "ganTiadi" (samive 1892), "suliko" (1895), "mwyemsis simRera" (1897), "Tqveni Wirime" (1905), "momakvdavis fiqrebi" (1911) da sxva). qarTveli eris miZinebuli erovnuli TviTSegnebis aRorZinebaSi didi roli Seasrula akaki wereTlis istoriulma poemebma da dramebma ― "bagrat didi" (1875), "Tornike erisTavi"(1883), "Tamar cbieri" (1885), "kikolas naambobi" (1889), "patara kaxi"(1890), "naTela" (1897), SesaniSnavma romanma ― "baSi-aCuki" (1895-1896), romlebSic qarTveli xalxis gmiruli warsulis suraTebia gacocxlebuli.

bevrma ar icis, rom Tavisi melodiurobiT cnobili qarTuli simRera '"suliko”'-s siuJeti iTvaliswinebs sam metaforas (sami - RvTiuri cifria) - RmerTis sam hipostass mama RmerTi, Ze RmerTi da suli wminda. eSmakis da boroti Zalebis prototipi aq aris ekali. es simRera bevr ucxoels ara mxolod melodiurobiT, aramed maTTvis cnobili SinaarsiT xiblavs.

udidesi aRmzrdelobiTi mniSvneloba hqonda poemas "gamzrdeli" (1898), romelSic zneobis problemebia wamoWrili; avtobiografiuli xasiaTis nawarmoebSi "Cemi Tavgadasavali" (1894-1908) aisaxa akaki wereTlis Tanamedrove epoqis mravali sagulisxmo faqti da movlena.
wereTlis Semoqmedebam waruSleli kvali dastova qarTveli xalxis sulieri kulturis istoriaSi. man axali etapi Seqmna qarTuli mxatvruli sityvis ganviTarebaSi, ramac poets, ilia WavWavaZesTan erTad, kanonierad daumkvidra axali qarTuli literaturis erT-erTi fuZemdeblisa da Tanamedrove qarTuli saliteraturo enis reformatoris saxeli.

qarTvelma xalxma sicocxleSive Seracxa wereTeli WeSmaritad saxalxo poetad. sayovelTao aRiarebis naTeli dadastureba iyo misi SemoqmedebiTi da sazogadoebrivi moRvaweobis 50-e wlisTavisadmi miZRvnili saiubileo saRamo (1908), romelic, iseve rogorc poetis mogzauroba raWa-leCxumSi (1912), grandiozul erovnul dResaswaulad gadaiqca.

akaki wereTeli gardaicvala 75 wlis asakSi. dakrZalulia TbilisSi, sazogado moRvaweTa mTawmindis panTeonSi.
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