giorgi eristavi
A,N,R,I
30 სექტ 2013, 21:19
giorgi daviTis Ze erisTavi (d. 1813, sof. oZisi, axlandeli duSeTis municipaliteti — g. 9 seqtemberi/22 seqtemberi, 1864, gori; dakrZalulia ikorTis monasterSi (sof. zemo ikorTi, axlandeli goris municipaliteti), qarTveli dramaturgi, poeti, qarTuli Teatris aRmaSenebeli. 

swavlobda Tbilisis keTilSobilTa saswavlebelSi (1824-1825), Semdeg mcire xniT moskovSi, kerZo pansionSi. 1830 wlidan monawileobda mefis ruseTis sawinaaRmdego SeTqmulebaSi, risTvisac 1832 wlis dekemberSi daapatimres. 1834 gadaasaxles q. vilnoSi, sadac qveiT diviziaSi gaamweses. erisTavma Seiswavla polonuri ena da literatura, dauaxlovda mowinave polonur ojaxebs. 1838 wels mas neba darTes droebiT Camosuliyo saqarTveloSi, sadac sabolood 1842 wels dabrunda. erTxans TbilisSi saxelmwifo samsaxurSi iyo, 1854 wlidan ki sof. xidisTavSi dasaxlda. 

erisTavis pirveli gamoqveynebuli nawarmeobia poema "osuri moTxroba" (naw. 1, "saliteraturoni nawilni tfilisis uwyebaTani", 1832), romelic sruli saxeiT da axali saTauriT "zare da yanimaT" 1853 wels Jurnal "ciskarSi" daibeWda. erisTavis poeziaSi mniSvnelovania erosvnul-patriotuli ("T. svimon maCabels", 1833; "ucxo qveynis Wabuks", 1835; "mtkvrisadmi", "yabaxisadmi", 1836; "kavkazi da ucnobi", 1854; "T. nikoloz melitonis Zis baraTovis gardacvalebazed") da satrfialo ("Teodosia mireckas", 1840; "mogoneba", 1844; "guls", 1845; "kniaJna daria begTabegovisas", 1849) motivebi. satiruliumoristul leqsebSi erisTavi kicxasvs e. w. maRali sazogadoebis zneobriv gadagvarebas ("deda da qali", 1838; "fiqri ymawvili qalisa", 1839; ". erTi kaci wva sneuli", 1854). 

erisTavis Semoqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi nawilia dramatuli Txzulebebi. man erT-erTma pirvelma daudo saTave qarTul kritikul realizms, mtkice safuZveli Cauyara komediografias, daaarsa qarTuli profesiuli Tetri, romelsac 1850-1854 wlebSi xelmZRvanelobda (giorgi erisTavis Teatri). iyo udidesi kulturuli wamowyebis iniciatori: pirveli qarTuli saliteraturo Jurnali "ciskris" damaarsebeli da redaqtori (1852-1853). 

erisTavis pirveli komedia, dramatuli poema "SeSlili" (1839) exeba poetis daniSnulebas, gadmoscems mis xvedrs Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi, maRali wris zneobriv dakninebas da ganaTlebuli axalgazrdobis unayofo miswrafebebs. erisTavma-dramaturgma, Tanadroulobis piruTvnelma mematianem, gviCvena saqarTveloSi savaWro kapitalis ganviTarebiT gamowveuli feodalurnaturaluri meurneobis rRvevis bunebrivi Sedegi - dacemis gzaze damdgari Tavadaznaurobis sruli uniaToba, gonebrivi siRatake da zneobrivi gadagvareba. erisTavis komediebSi daxatuli Zveli Taobis warmomadgenlebi amaod ebRauWebian warsul didebas (amirindo da onofre - "dava", 1840; anduyafar, pavle didebuliZeebi - "gayra", 1849), ruseTSi swavlamiRbuli axali Taoba ki sruliad moumzadebelia ptaqrikuli saqmianobisaTvis. es azalgazrdebi ususuri meocnebeni arian da advilad Tmoben TavianT mrwamss (beglari da mixeili - "dava", ivane didebuliZe - "gayra"). erisTavma warmoaCina batonymuri wyobilebis mankierebani, qarTul sinamdvileSi pirvelad asaxa savaWro kapitalis warmomadgenlebi, maTi siZunwe, momxveWeloba da meqrTameoba (mikirtum trdatovi - "gayra", karapet dabaRovi - "Zunwi", 1850), mefis ruseTis biurokratiuli aparatis moxeleTa angareba da biwiereba (sarqis kumuxtovi - "dava", ramazi - "gayra"). erisTavis piesebis cxovrebiseulma simarTlem, socialur-politikur simaxvilem da aqtualobam sruliad axali etapi Seqmna qarTul literaturaSi. erisTavis skolas ekuTvnian cnobili dramaturgebi: z. antonovi, g. dvanaZe, g. jafariZe da sxvebi. 

erisTavis Targmnili da gadmokeTebuli piesebic aqvs ("uCinmaCinis qudi", "Tilismis xani", "yvaryvare aTabagi", a. griboedovis "ubeduri Wkuisagan"). man dramad gadaakeTa "vefxistyaosani", xolo k. lafCinskisTan erTad poema polonur enaze prozaulad Targmna. manve qarTul enaze gadmoTargmna a. mickeviCis, a. puSkinis, m. lermontovis, v. hiugos, p. beranJes da sxvebis leqsebi. 

1862 wels erisTavma imogzaura evropaSi. mogzaurobis STabeWdilebani gadmosca daumTavrebel dRiurebSi "Cemi mogzauroba evropaSi 1862 welsa 13 ivnissidgan". erisTavis Txzulebebi 1852-1853 wlebSi ibeWdeboda "ciskarSi"; calke wignakebad gamoica "gayra" (1850), "Zunwi", "uCinmaCinis qudi", "Tilismis xani" (1852); "dava" 1871 wels Jurnal "krebulSi" daistamba. erisTavis Txzulebis krebulebi gamoqveynda 1867, 1884, 1936 da a. S.
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